The Doberman pinscher is a medium-large, deep-chested dog breed with a sleek and sturdy appearance. Dobermans (also called "Dobes" or "Dobies") are fearless, loyal, and highly intelligent. These traits make them ideal police, war, and guard dogs, but they are also outstanding companions.

Well-trained Dobermans often do very great with children and in various social situations, and they can make great therapy dogs. The breed's temperament is generally known to be docile yet protective. The Doberman, which was first bred in Germany, has earned a reputation as a fierce guard dog (which it can certainly be). However, the breed is usually quite gentle and not aggressive by nature.

Characteristics of the Doberman Pinscher

While they may have an intimidating appearance, Doberman Pinschers are a loveable, intelligent breed that is well-suited to a variety of different living situations. Dobermans are active and hardworking, and their reputation as guard dogs make them a great choice for families or owners who reside on large plots of land.

History of the Doberman Pinscher

The Doberman pinscher emerged as a breed in Germany around the turn of the 20th century. Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, for whom the breed was named, developed the breed out of the desire for a medium-sized companion and guard dog. In addition to being a tax collector, Dobermann operated the local dog pound and had access to a variety of dogs to use in his breeding program. It is believed that the Doberman originates from breeds such as the Rottweiler, black and tan terrier, German pinscher, and possibly the Greyhound.

The Doberman pinscher has been treasured for its great intelligence, loyalty, and athletic abilities. Over the years, the breed has diligently worked as a war dog and police dog but has also remained a faithful companion to many.

The breed is muscular and athletic, possessing great strength and endurance—so much so that it historically served as the Marine Corps' official dog during World War II. Twenty-five Dobermans who died fighting with troops on Guam are honored on the World War II War Dog Memorial at the National War Dog Cemetery at Naval Base Guam.

Dobermans have traditionally had their tails docked (removed) soon after birth and later, their ears cropped (trimmed surgically in order to make them stand erect). Much controversy has surrounded the practice of ear cropping and tail docking in dogs, including the Doberman. Some countries have actually outlawed these practices, but while they are still permitted in the U.S., many people elect to keep the ears natural on their Dobermans.

Doberman Pinscher Care

Though many people think of Dobermans as serious dogs, they can actually be a bit goofy and rambunctious at times, especially as puppies. They will do well with children and enjoy playing together as long as the child is old enough to treat the dog with consideration. Still, they are also easily trained and have the drive to learn alongside their owner.

Exercise

Most Dobermans have a fairly high energy level and require plenty of exercise in order to stay healthy. Because of their natural athleticism, a few brisk walks or runs every day will help keep a Doberman in tip-top shape. Your yard should be securely fenced, so your Doberman has room to roam and play; however, this breed can get chilled in cold weather, so don't leave him outside all the time. Your dog will want to be part of your family life rather than alone outside.

Grooming

The Doberman has a short, smooth hair coat that requires very little grooming. You can brush it once a week or give his coat a rub with a wet towel. You don't need to bathe the dog often, just when it gets dirty or develops an odor. If ears are kept natural (not cropped), then extra attention should be placed upon keeping the ears clean. Trim the dog's nails monthly to prevent them from splitting or tearing and brush the teeth at least a couple of times a week to help prevent gum disease and other dental problems.

Training

The Doberman is very smart and learns quite easily. Proper training is absolutely essential for this breed to ensure good behavior. Socialization is equally important so the dog isn't overly fearful or aggressive. It is best to keep the dog on a leash when you go for a walk — Dobies can be aggressive towards other dogs that are not part of their family, and defensive if they think you are under threat. They may not be welcome at a dog park if they exhibit this behavior. As well, many people fear this breed and will be more comfortable around if the dog is on a leash.

Common Health Problems

Responsible breeders strive to maintain the highest breed standards as established by kennel clubs like the AKC. Dogs bred by these standards are less likely to inherit health conditions. However, some hereditary health problems can occur in Dobermans. The following are some conditions to be aware of:

• Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM): A disease that causes the heart muscle to enlarge and not function properly.
• Von Willebrand's disease: A deficiency of a particular protein that helps blood cells, known as platelets, clot properly.
• Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (also called wobbler syndrome and cervical vertebral instability): A neurological disease that affects the dog's spine near the neck.
• Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV): Commonly called bloat or gastric torsion, a condition in which the dog's stomach twists around a short axis.

Diet and Nutrition

Dobermans should be fed two meals each day, with as much as three and a half cups of dry dog food per day. The amount a dog needs will depend on size, activity level, age, and other factors. Having two smaller meals rather than one large meal can help prevent gas and bloating. This can become a medical emergency if the stomach twists to cut off the blood supply.

Be sure to monitor the dog's weight, as obesity can reduce your dog's lifespan and contribute to the risk of other health conditions. Discuss your dog's nutritional needs with your veterinarian to get recommendations specific for your pet.

Where to Adopt or Buy a Doberman Pinscher

Doberman Pinschers can be found through breeders or via adoption throughout the U.S. Any breeders you inquire with should be able to answer any questions you have regarding the pedigree, health, and history of the litter and its parents. Ideally, you should meet one or both parents to have a better idea of your future pet’s personality, size, and temperament. You can expect to pay between $1,000 and $2,500 to secure a Doberman Pinscher puppy from a breeder.

If you’re looking for a Doberman, consider checking with local or regional rescue groups. You can also inquire through the below organizations:

• The Doberman Pinscher Club of America is a great place to start your search for a pup. Their breeder referral list includes breeders from all over the U.S. and notes the type of services offered (puppies, studs, information referral, and health testing). The DPCA also provides a rescue directory.

Dog Breed Overview

More Dog Breeds and Further Research

If you think the Doberman Pinscher is the right dog breed for you, be sure to do plenty of research before adopting one. Talk to other Doberman owners, reputable breeders, and rescue groups to learn more.

If you are interested in similar dog breeds, look into these to compare the pros and cons:

• Rottweiler Breed Profile
• German Shepherd Breed Profile
• Beauceron Breed Profile

There is a wide variety of dog breeds out there. With a little research, you can find the right one to bring home.